A recent study from the University of Georgia’s College of Public Health highlights how environmental factors impact dementia risk. Led by Assistant Professor Suhang Song, this meta-analysis reveals that exposure to air pollution and access to natural spaces—such as parks (green spaces) and bodies of water (blue spaces)—can influence cognitive decline and dementia.
“Living in a dementia-friendly environment can help delay or prevent cognitive decline,” Song said. The research, which reviewed 54 studies and included a meta-analysis of 21, quantified the impact of various environmental factors on dementia risk.
Key findings show that living near major roads increases dementia risk by approximately 10%, while fine particulate matter from vehicle and industrial emissions raises the risk by 9%. Nitrous oxide exposure also leads to a 10% increase, and noise pollution adds another 9%.
Conversely, green and blue spaces can lower dementia risk by about 6%. Walkability and access to local amenities—such as food stores, community centers, and healthcare—also contribute to cognitive well-being.
“These findings suggest people should visit parks more often and live in areas with better walkability and fewer pollutants,” Song said.
The study underscores the importance of data-driven urban planning to promote cognitive health. By quantifying environmental impacts, it provides evidence to guide decision-makers in designing dementia-friendly communities. Future research should continue using objective measurements to refine our understanding of environmental influences on dementia risk.
